Radiographic Testing (RT)

Radiographic Testing (RT) involves the use of either X-rays or gamma rays to view the internal structure of a component. It is highly reproducible, can be used on a variety of materials, and the data gathered can be stored for later analysis. Radiography is an effective tool that requires very little surface preparation. Moreover, many radiographic systems are portable, which allows for use in the field and at elevated positions.

Manual Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

Manual Ultrasonic Testing (MUT) is a form of non-destructive testing that is typically used to detect volumetric flaws, material integrity, and component thickness. This common form of ultrasonic testing is used to carry out inspections on castings, forgings, welded components, and composite structures in all industry sectors.

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) is used to detect surface and subsurface flaws in most ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, and some of their alloys. With little surface preparation required, conducting MT is fast and easy. By applying a magnetic field to the material, any present defects distort the field, causing magnetic particles applied to the surface to accumulate at these locations. The resulting visible indications allow for the identification of flaws such as cracks, seams, and other discontinuities. MT is widely used for its quick results and effectiveness in inspecting various ferromagnetic components and structures.

Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)

Liquid penetrant testing (PT) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method used to detect surface defects in non-porous materials. In PT, a visible or fluorescent liquid is applied to the surface, which then penetrates into any defects. After a specific soaking time, the excess liquid is removed, and a developer is applied, drawing the penetrant out of the defects to create a visible indication. This method is effective in identifying cracks, porosity, and other surface discontinuities in materials like metals, plastics, and ceramics.

Positive Material Identification (PMI)

Positive Material Identification (PMI) is the analysis and identification of materials through various nondestructive methods, such as Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). OES offers a more complete view than XRF, and is the only method that can distinguish between levels of carbon in a material. XRF helps determine the chemical composition of any unknown material, however, it cannot distinguish between material grades in certain elements such as carbon and silicon, among others.

Hardness Testing

Hardness Testing is used to determine material characteristics such as strength, ductility, and wear resistance. A Hardness Test might be conducted to determine the suitability of a material for a given application, conformance to a specification, standard, or particular treatment to which the material has been subjected (heat treatment, thermal process).

Visual Inspection

Visual Inspection is an effective NDT testing technique for detecting surface defects to inspect castings, forgings, machined components, and welds. This method involves the visual observation of the surface of a test object to evaluate the presence of surface discontinuities such as corrosion, misalignment of parts, physical damage, and cracks. Visual inspection is conducted by observing the test piece directly, or by using optical tools such as magnifying glasses, mirrors, borescopes, and computer-assisted viewing systems.